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Marianna Leibl. 13 Dec 1948 (dedication written at the bottom of the photo)
We have very few details about her life and the training received by Marianna Leibl. We do not even know the date of her death.
From a dedication autograph in the book Psychology of the woman , cited in the bibliography of the 4th edition of Psychological Graphology it has been possible to go back to two people who knew her personally: the artist Enrico Colombotto Rosso (to whom the dedication was made) and the actor Leonardo Botta.
Enrico Colombotto Rosso reports with synthetic phrases these features of the personality of Marianna Leibl: "Lady of Austrian origin , exhuberant, reserved, single. She loved esoterics. She appeared as an extra in several films and had an important part in The Wanton Contessa (Senso) by Visconti. She entered the set, she laughed alot, she didn't speak much. She said: "I enjoy being an actress and I make a little money"
The actor Leonardo Botta, in one wide interview rilasciata to me in Rome on 11 september 2002, not only supplies various news on this personage hermit (but) and amusing. "L?ho known in first years fifty like friend. It attended much important people like Visconti, Fellini. It had many friends. I little knew its activity of grafologa. Much onlooker was a personage. He was enough amusing much to change the date on the passport. It was also a little vain. Creed that has been also much beautiful one. He was available, but not always. It was better to telephone before going to find it.
Its main activity was l?astrologia. It was known more like astrologer who like grafologa. It had always its book to hand capacity. It made a type of astrology a po? to part. Not spicciola un?astrologia. The life always put us also.
Small house with a garden, a cat lived well in one. Strange house, not particularly cured, not large was one. It lived very simply, with its true books, its cat, little friends.
It wrote for newspapers and reviews. Not creed that has written other books beyond to the two of grafologia and that one on the psycology of the woman. It came consulted from newspapers and also from persons. It had of the relationships with l?estero. It knew the German grafologia.
Creed that has made also of the grafologici jobs of type expert, but was much classified one in its job. It had of the students. But excuse in order not to exit could also be one.
Then she also did some things as an actress (see Filmography). She worked with Visconti, Fellini. I think that Senso is above all the most important film.
She was much mistress and also important continuation from actors, attrici, personages, above all from Fellini that very often went to consult it: it was made curious from this mysterious personage; one says that it consulted it before hiring actors. We say that the director was a po? like she. They listened to all but then sure they made as it seemed they. This was their prerogative. For how much I know, creed that I consult from part of Fellini has not been therefore fundamental in the choice of the actors. Sure the interpellava. Fellini went from she. Creed that was given of the foglietti. It wrote small messages. She was much friend also of Visconti and important people. Banal one was considered much serious, not.
As an actress she was a curious and amusing personality. She became involved for sure parts, parts of curious personages. It amused itself, the friends was involved it.
She spoke little about its formation; she little spoke (well l?italiano and also other languages) but she gave concretezza to the life. Concrete mrs. was one. She did not lose time neanche with the friends. It was much concise one.
She came to Rome as a graphologist. The occupation of actress came afterwards. It has come when much people have known who found it very interesting. It is therefore: available, careful, but always distaccata. She is understood that person with one was one inner life also much intense width and. Godeva a lot of the life and the present.
In its transfer to not erano Rome of the political reasons. Of this we have not never spoken. Sure we came outside from the war, she came from Austria, but it was a lot interested to its job. Creed that has been just of the job reasons. One chosen ".
In the implication of cover of Psycology of the woman we find one synthesis of its interests and its preparation: "Un?intensa life of travels, of contacts with social and religious people and various atmospheres has accompanied and fed its studies, completed to Paris, to Rome, to Florence, and faces to all the disciplines that could enrich its spirit and supply instruments to its surveying. In Switzerland them he has been master C. G. Jung ".
They are testifies relationships to you with personality of relief of cultural and academic the world (psychological and psychiatric) of the time and in particular with the Mario Ponzo (remembered in the grafologica Caratterologia, Preface and p. 66), Antonio Miotto (who wrote the foreword to Psychology of the woman ) and Enrico Fulchignoni.
Mario Ponzo carried out searches on various perceptive processes, being interested of problems of the scholastic and professional guideline. In the 1931 happened to De Sanctis in the chair of psycology of the roman Athenaeum. From 1943 to 1959 he was President of the Italian Society of psycology (SIPs).
Antonio public Miotto in the 1937 Introduction to the psycology of the crowd and in 1949 Conoscere the psicanalisi (Milan, Garzanti). Author of journalistic contributions also like those on novels d?adolescenza of Moravia, the problems of the surrealism, Fellini or the Nouveau Roman.
Enrico Fulchignoni (1913-1988) graduated in medicine, assistant and teacher of general psycology to the University of Rome and author also of various studies of social and collective psycology, with particular $R-with regard to the phenomena legacies to the radio and the cinema.
Having been able to directly reach to the correspondence elapsed between the Leibl and Aldo Squadrons (a friend of Girolamo Moretti), we propose here some brani of those letters containing news on the method and also some judgments - franchi and immediate - of Marianna Leibl on grafologi contemporary. Comprised Moretti.
"I follow mainly the method of Klages and Pulver with l?aggiunta of own discoveries. Of Italian cultori c?è the Grafologia di Zanetti Rollandini while the Vian is not worth a large one that.
In order to make up for the lack of translations of foreign works I have reassumed in my own ones deals (psychological Grafologia to you in edition III near Ulrico Hoepli, grafologica Caratterologia near Siblings Milan Mouth), the technique of Pulver, Klages, Crépieux-Jamin etc. with adding of own surveyings.
I have published in the review of Tucci, with Crimen, but I have stopped because I am writing one feminine Psycology "( Letter of Marianna Leibl to Aldo 25 Squadrons of February 1947 ).
The judgment on the grafologico method of Girolamo Moretti and on the situation of the Italian grafologia is not at all tender: "I know the method of the Moretti father and - for the same study - it does not convince to me at all. The Moretti is same he a intuitivo that it knows, with extraordinary clairvoyance, to say just things; the technique its but is not complicated but not even just solo in many rules and details that it establishes. Made up of grafologia lessons that give 15 years I am holding, I have had the test that for the study is more interesting the works of the Crépieux-Jamin, the Klages and the Pulver. These three methods I have tried to re-unite in mine deals to you that it offers therefore to methods and rules that also to the international conferences of grafologia by now from all come supported and approved of. Robert Saudek is useful, but it does not say nothing to report; it has not been translate [ in Italian ]. Review of grafologia in Italy not c?è, because several the cultori are disliked l?un l?altro. Therefore it must be published in single reviews. I have published l?anno slid in Sciences of the Mystery of the Tucci and lately an article on Writing and Disease nell? Ulisse . () If I can same allow to give them a council me on the study of the grafologia, I have seen my students to make expresses progresses, following the method to analyze dell?ultimo understood it of the Caratterologia (preparatoria analysis and caratterologica analysis). Useful it is also makes one collection of writings of several categories, writings also of the same person of several ages. Indispensable the acquaintance of the tipologie and several the systems of psycology between which i methods of C. G. Jung the more interesting also for therapeutic and pedagogical scopes. Interesting article of C. G. Jung on the personality in the last numbers of the literary Fair "( Letter of Marianna Leibl to Aldo Squadrons dell?8 june 1947 ).
Psychological Graphology (1935, Milan, Hoepli Publisher, and, pp. 253; 1942, II and widened, pp. 286; 1946, III and, pp. 286; 1955, IV and. completed with one Tipologia of the woman , pp. 346; 1976, Milan, Publishing Institute Cisalpino-Goliardica, Reprint of the Hoepli editions, anastatica reprint of IV the edition, pp. XVI + 346; 1980, anastatica reprint; 1983, anastatica reprint; 1989, Genoa, Basilisk Publisher, the Dioscuri, reprint with the title it Manual suit of grafologia ).
The Leibl defines this its?tentativo work to carry the scientific grafologia to the acquaintance of the public Italian? (Preface to the first edition of grafologica Caratterologia ). It is concentrated above all on the psychological speech inborn in the grafologia, rifaring itself above all to the Klages, but also to the Crépieux-Jamin and the Pulver, also with personal interpretations (cfr. L. Torbidoni, Writing, 22 , 1977, p. 97).
It demonstrates a deepened acquaintance of the grafologi as they attest the references to Michon, Crépieux, Klages, Saudek, but also to the Italians Cesar Lombroso, Zanetti and Rollandini (with references to the biotipologia of Hangs), Raimondo Astillero, To Martini, Luigi Spotti. Particular and constant it is the callback to Jung and Pulver.
A short reference to Moretti comes esplicitato in IV the edition, even if its works do not come cited in the bibliography: "the Moretti father enriches the literature of voluminose works" (IV and p. 5). In grafologica Caratterologia he comes cited V the edition of the Treaty of graphology of the Moretti.
One evidences the remarkable ability to synthesis and espositiva clarity: in little pages (6-37 in first editions, 12-49 in the quarter) introduces fundamental the graphical characteristics that in the quarter edition it classifies under the three great categories of movement , form and space , all?interno di.le which introduces all the grafologici aspects of the writing.
It appears of a sure interest the correlation between the constitutional writing and factors and acclimatizes them (IV edition pp. 8 and 11), that it can therefore be outlined:
|
Constitutional factors and hereditary, forces psico-physics, temperament and life of the instincts
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Endogenous and environmental factors |
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Movement: pressure, I discuss, speed, regularity, rhythm, ligament, size, breadth. |
form and space: connection (angular plan, to wreath, to arches, filiforme), formation (amplified or low water, decorated or simplified, pedant or neglected, forms spontaneous or artificial, scholastic or individualizzate, rich and poor). I space (inclination, proportion orientation, distribution, you border, rules, punctuations, discuss final) |
Marianna Leibl is put in critical position in the comparisons of excessive caution lent from Crépieux to the details (p. 9). Critical l’“ideology moralizing” on which base themselves the capiscuola and for this prefers follower to the psychology of the deep one (p. 8) adopting particularly the categories junghiane that presents in clear and accessible limit. It results interesting the perspective interdisciplinare, humanistic, pedagogical, promotional of the grafologia (IV and. 48-49, already present in the first one) that it is breathed in the pages dedicated to the writing of the child but also in those dedicated all’“man corrupted” and all’“sick man”. In this case should not prevail the judgment, but it search for causes it and environmental (IV and. pp. 146. 147-148). We restore three significant summonses. «If the grafologo succeeds to reveal still latent dangers, to indicate to the discouraged new addresses to follow and to discover risen again up to now been unaware of, then it is able to be really useful (IV and. p. 186).
«We Are all more or except for subjects to the lecterns dell’inheritance, to the brakes and to the restrictions imposteci dall’environment and from the destiny and bound to the fatum. Nevertheless everyone can free itself from the actual shortages and from the limitations plans from the actual circle of life. It changes not the actual destiny, but a bold spirit and I created can surpass it and to break the actual chains and to gain itself the world» (IV and. pp. 208-209).
«A deeper one and tests knowledge dell’human soul will do us passerby the desire of a hasty judgment and of a superficial critic. Saremo instead carried to encourage the next one with the understanding, with the patience and l’moral and practical help to the moment that we will have deepened the problems and conflicts of its soul tormented» (IV and. p. 239). In the IV edition they are present also some you recall “psico-sociological” to the situation of the postwar period (p. 181).
Mental writings of sick persons examined in collaboration with psychiatrists (cfr. references in the preface to the first edition to the mental Hospital of Collegno, to the Clinical neuropsichiatrica of Bologna and to other university scholars). The final chapter “Typology of the woman”, introduced in the IV edition (1955), is result of the study on the Psychology of the woman (1950) even if does not reproduce of it precisely l’mailing and the diagrams. It presents 19 managers grouped in five fundamental types: materialistici, emotional, strong-willed, intellectual, you intuited. Caratterologia grafologica (1942, Milan, Mouth, pp. 229; 1950, reprints; 1989, The Spice, Club of the book Brothers Melita, with the title Guides practice to the grafologia. To know the character analyzing the writing, pp. 230).
«The purpose of the present book is that of to present the Italian public a summary of the inquiries, of the lecterns and of the theories of the technical grafologica developed in these last years from the knownest belonging to grafologi to the varied schools and nations and of to try in the same time of to establish a caratterologia, since not enough to discover from the writing the quality and the lacksI make square some character» (from the Introduction).
In the preface it does reference to the prof. Mario Ponzo “to have facilitated me the studies of psychology grafologica putting at my disposal the rich material dell’Institute of Psychology of the University of Rome from him directed”. To page 66 remembers experiments of the prof. Mario Ponzo on the speed of the writing. The declared purpose of this book is that of to present «the interpretations of the multiplicity of the graphic marks» on which l’author had flown over in the first volume, and to offer, with declared eclectic approach, a caratterologia that was able to serve from reference for the drawing up of the I retract grafologico. The volume comes meeting to the requirements of an analysis grafologica that consists substantially «in a patient and double work deduttivo: first in the to know to find the right interpretation of the mark between l’together of the other marks, and then in the to proceed, for means of the features deducted and from the uncovered data, to the synthetic construction of all of the character»,The operating tools that allow to individualize the constitution, the temperament, the will, the intellectual dispositions, the emotional quality morale and ethics (the arguments constitute as much chapters) the supercategorie of the grafologia you are based on German: motion, forms, I space. Frequent cone the you recall to the concepts junghiani (very interesting are the pages bound to the problematic dell’identification, to the construction of the actual identity and to the trial of determination, to the types) and to the biotipologia of the Hangs. They return repeatedly the expensive subjects all’author and that is to say the writing of the boys, l’educational petition and the problematic appearance. The third part of the volume supplies a practical example of analysis grafologica. In the bibliography the Leibl cites the fifth edition of the Be about grafologia of the Moretti, that did not appear in psychological Grafologia. But its Judgment on the Moretti. how we saw, is not positive.
Psychology of the woman (1950, Garzanti, Milan, pp. 486; 1954, TWO edition; 1955, translation in Spanish (Psychology says the mujer, Psique, Buenos Aires, 1955, 492 pp.) L’work is divided in five large areas: Childhood, pubertà, adolescence, The psychology dell’love, The marriage, The maternity, The mature years. The three arguments of the first area come developed in the following chapters: The world of the child, The child and l’neighboring environment, emotional and instinctive Tendencies of the childlike character; The transformations fisiopsichiche of the pubertà, L’social adaptation in the pubertà; L’impulse of to know, Adolescence and familiar and social environment, The formation of the personality of the child. The psychology dell’love comes exhibited in three parts: l’incomplete love, l’illusory love and l’love that pledges and shape the feeling. Of the marriage they come presented the numerous problematic, privileging always the point of view of the woman in numerous chapters: unhappiness of the current marriages, varied types of women, happy unions, unhappy and their marriages causes, marriages disarmonici, effects armonici and building. The maternity is examined in its biological appearance (the law to the son, the favorite maternity) and in its spiritual appearance. The crisis of the mature years in its appearance is problematic than positive and a panoramic one on the problems of the old age until a disillusioned look on the mystery of the death constitute the subjects dell’last area. In the bibliography compaiono a lot of works in tongue German. Of Jung, particularly, whose thought runs back continually in the text, come cited 17 contributions. From the same author the book comes defined «fruit of a life that, simply giving itself, was not saved from the suffering and from the pain» (Introduction)
Other contributions on magazines. In the correspondence Squadrons we have news of other contributions grafologici of Marianna Leibl and particularly of collaborations with it “reviewed of Tucci[2]” (Sciences of the Mystery), Crimen, “reviewed that melt [anchorage?] Pi. [?] Contù contributor of the to Know (1947)” and Ulysses (with a specific contribution on Writing and illness). Thanks to the collaboration of the Foundation Giovanni Guarino Amella to the moment we succeeded to recover the short contribution I Develop, story and purpose of the modern grafologia published to page 16 of Sciences of the Mystery of january 10 1946
Unpublished. It is had to finally it signal a work that in the introductory part of the IV edition of Grafologia grafologica (p. 7) l’author remembers “in phase publication”, in collaboration with Enrico Fulchignoni, then assisting all’Institute of psychology of Rome on “Alterations of the writing in the obsessed shapes-depressed during l’elettrochoc-terapia”.
We do not know if the work has actually been published. Finally among the unpublished we draw attention to two graphological analyses in the cited correspondence Squadroni, one of which was subsequently published in the journal Scrittura number 118.
Ciuffa, M. La strega dagli occhi verdi deità romana per la �gente bruciata� (parlando della scrittrice Marianna Leibl ricorda che Guareschi figura nel Literarkalender di Langewische-Brandt del 1953 tra gli scrittori più rappresentativi), dalla «Voce della Calabria», Reggio Calabria 3 maggio 1957. *opere
Cristofanelli P (2001) Un'analisi grafologica inedita di Marianna Leibl. Scrittura 118 Aprile-Giugno 2001 61-68
Cristofanelli P (2003) Marianna Leibl. Donna, Attrice e Grafologa. Scienze Umane e Grafologia 12 Aprile-Giugno 2003 47-60
Leibl M (1942) Caratterologia grafologica. Milano, Bocca,
Leibl M (1950) Caratterologia grafologica. Milano, Bocca,
Leibl M (1989) Grafologia psicologica. Guida pratica alla grafologia. Conoscere il carattere analizzando la scrittura. La Spezia, Club del libro Fratelli Melita (1935, 1941, 1946, 1955, 1976, 1980, 1983, 1989, 1990)
Leibl M (1950) Psicologia della donna. Garzanti, Milano
Leibl M (1954) Psicologia della donna. Garzanti, Milano
Leibl M (1955) Psicologia de la mujer, Psique, Buenos Aires
Donne senza nome (1949, directed by Geza Von Radvany).
I Misteri di Parigi (1952, directed by Fernando Cerchio).
Senso (in English The Wanton Contessa) (1954, directed by Luchino Visconti): Wife of General Hautpmann.
War and Peace (1956, directed by King Vidor): Servant at Bolkonsky's
Totò e Marcellino (1958, directed by Antonio Musu): La contessa.
La dolce vita (1960, directed byFederico Fellini): Yvonne's companion.
Il principe Fusto (1960, Regia di Maurizio Di Lorenzo): Usuraia..
The Steppe (1963, directed by Alberto Lattuada): Grandmother of Jeogorusca.
La vendetta della signora (1964, directed by Bernhard Wicki): Popolana.
Sigpress contro Scotland Yard (1968, directed by Guido Zurli).
La notte è fatta per … rubare (1967, directed by Giorgio Capitani):
Altra sorella Chevalier. Contronatura (1969, directed by Antonio Margheriti): Herta.
1. Giuseppe Tucci (Macerata 1894-1994), anthropologist, a man of immense culture that ranged from archeology to literature, from history of eastern religion and thought to art and research in numerous fields, with special interest in the Middle East and the Far East.
2. Pacifico Cristofanelli docente presso il Corso di Laurea in consulenza grafologica della LUMSA di Roma e dell'Universita' di Urbino. E-mail : cristofanelli@iol.it
3. Nigel Bradley bought Leibl's book: Grafologia Psicologica from an address in Austria on 31 December 2003. The dedication in the book (dated Rome 22 Feb 1948) is reproduced above. Also in the bvook was a typed letter from the Milan publisher Longanesi & Co. This stated that the publisher wanted to see the text by Ludwig Klages in the original German and as a French translation. It was addressed to Dr EW Kraus, Bergzeile 20, WIEN-Schwechat, Austria. Also in the book was the photograph reproduced above and signed by Leibl with the date 13 December 1948.
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19 March 2004. . Corrections to bradlen@graphology.ws
